What is a defining characteristic of speculative fiction?

Speculative fiction is defined by its exploration of hypothetical futures, alternative realities, and imaginative scenarios that challenge our understanding of the world and consider what could be rather than what is. This genre allows authors to investigate themes such as society, technology, and human behavior in ways that may not adhere to current realities, whether through the lens of science fiction, fantasy, or other sub-genres. By envisioning different futures or possibilities, speculative fiction invites readers to reflect on contemporary issues and expand their understanding of life beyond the limits of the here and now.

This distinguishing characteristic sets it apart from genres that emphasize realistic portrayals of everyday life, supernatural elements tied to established mythologies, or strict adherence to historical events. Each of those elements may play a role in different literary genres, but the core of speculative fiction lies in its ability to ponder "what if" scenarios and stimulate creativity and critical thought about the future and alternate realities.